SDCOR: Scalable Density-based Clustering for Local Outlier Detection in Massive-Scale Datasets

This paper presents a batch-wise density-based clustering approach for local outlier detection in massive-scale datasets. Unlike the well-known traditional algorithms, which assume that all the data is memory-resident, our proposed method is scalable and processes the input data chunk-by-chunk within the confines of a limited memory buffer. A temporary clustering model is built at the first phase; then, it is gradually updated by analyzing consecutive memory loads of points. Subsequently, at the end of scalable clustering, the approximate structure of the original clusters is obtained. Finally, by another scan of the entire dataset and using a suitable criterion, an outlying score is assigned to each object called SDCOR (Scalable Density-based Clustering Outlierness Ratio). Evaluations on real-life and synthetic datasets demonstrate that the proposed method has a low linear time complexity and is more effective and efficient compared to best-known conventional density-based methods, which need to load all data into the memory; and also, to some fast distance-based methods, which can perform on data resident in the disk.Comment: Highlights are shortened each to about 85 character

A Sequential MUSIC algorithm for Scatterers Detection 2 in SAR Tomography Enhanced by a Robust Covariance 3 Estimator

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) tomography (TomoSAR) is an appealing tool for the extraction of height information of urban infrastructures. Due to the widespread applications of the MUSIC algorithm in source localization, it is a suitable solution in TomoSAR when multiple snapshots (looks) are available. While the classical MUSIC algorithm aims to estimate the whole reflectivity profile of scatterers, sequential MUSIC algorithms are suited for the detection of sparse point-like scatterers. In this class of methods, successive cancellation is performed through orthogonal complement projections on the MUSIC power spectrum. In this work, a new sequential MUSIC algorithm named recursive covariance canceled MUSIC (RCC-MUSIC), is proposed. This method brings higher accuracy in comparison with the previous sequential methods at the cost of a negligible increase in computational cost. Furthermore, to improve the performance of RCC-MUSIC, it is combined with the recent method of covariance matrix estimation called correlation subspace. Utilizing the correlation subspace method results in a denoised covariance matrix which in turn, increases the accuracy of subspace-based methods. Several numerical examples are presented to compare the performance of the proposed method with the relevant state-of-the-art methods. As a subspace method, simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method in terms of estimation accuracy and computational load

Contrôle génétique de la tolérance au stress salin chez Medicago truncatula

Parmi les contraintes abiotiques la salinité est considérée comme un problème majeur, qui affecte le fonctionnement des plantes, en particulier leur croissance et leur rendement. Afin d étudier le contrôle génétique de la tolérance à la salinité chez Medicago truncatula, plante modèle de la famille des légumineuses, deux expérimentations ont été réalisées. La première expérimentation visait à étudier l effet de la contrainte saline sur différents paramètres morpho-physiologiques pour un panel de génotypes de M. truncatula afin de déterminer les traits de phénotypage pour la tolérance à la salinité. Les génotypes A17, TN1.11, DZA315.16, A20, TN1.12 et F83005.5 ont été sélectionnés parmi des lignées originaires de différents pays méditerranéens, qui ont été déjà séquencées (http://www1.montpellierinra.fr/BRC-MTR/mauguio/mauguio.php). Les génotypes ont été étudiés sous 6 traitements salins (0, 30, 60, 90,120 et 150 mM NaCl) dans un essai factoriel sous forme de blocs complets aléatoires en trois répétitions. L analyse de la variance montre des différences significatives entre les niveaux de salinité et une interaction entre les génotypes et les traitements salins concernant la plupart des caractères étudiés. Le génotype DZA315.16 présente les valeurs les plus importantes concernant les effets principaux pour les caractères morphologiques alors que TN1.11 présente les valeurs les plus faibles. La projection verticale de la surface foliaire de la plante (Leaf Area=LA), significativement corrélée à la biomasse des plantes, apparaît comme un trait d intérêt pour le phénotypage de la tolérance à la salinité. La concentration saline la mieux adaptée pour démontrer les différences parmi les lignes étudiées se situe entre 90 et 120 mM NaCl. Le génotype TN1.11 contrairement à DZA315.16 et à Jemalong-A17 présente un maintien de la surface foliaire de la plante en réponse à la salinité. Pour la deuxième expérimentation, une population de cent lignées recombinantes (Recombinant Inbred Lines=RILs) produite par le croisement entre TN1.11 et Jemalong-A17 a été retenue pour l analyse du contrôle génétique de la tolérance à la salinité. Les RILs ont été développés par la méthode de descendant mono graines (Single Seed descent= SSD) jusqu à la génération F6 à l INP-ENSAT, France. Le plan d experimentation est Spli plots , sous forme de blocs randomisés avec trois répétitions et deux conditions : traitement salin (100 mM NaCl) et témoin (eau). L expérience a été menée pour déterminer la variabilité génétique et pour identifier les QTLs contrôlant les caractères morphologiques et physiologiques chez la population des lignées recombinantes (RILs). L analyse de la variance a montré une large variation génétique et une ségrégation transgressive pour les caractères étudiés. La différence entre la moyenne des RILs et la moyenne de leurs parents n est pas significative concernant tous les caractères étudiés dans les deux conditions, ce qui montre que les RILs utilisées dans notre expérimentation sont représentatives de toutes les lignées recombinantes possibles du croisement TN1.11 x Jemalong-A17 . 21 QTLs ont été détectés dans la condition témoin et 19 QTLs ont été identifiés sous contrainte saline (100 mM NaCl). Le pourcentage de la variance phénotypique expliqué par les QTLs varie entre 4.60% et 23.01%. Certains de ces QTLs sont spécifiques à la condition saline, ce qui démontre l existence du contrôle génétique de la tolérance à la salinité chez M. truncatula ; tandis que les autres ne sont pas spécifiques et contrôlent un même caractère dans les deux conditions. Des QTLs superposés concernant différents caractères ont été aussi observés. Les résultats fournissent des informations importantes en vue de futures analyses fonctionnelles de la tolérance à la salinité chez M.truncatula et pour d autres espèces voisines.Among abiotic stresses salinity is considered as a serious problem affecting plant functions especially growth and yield. In order to study the genetic control of salt stress in the model legume Medicago truncatula, two experiments were performed. The first experiment was conducted to study the effect of salt stress on some morpho-physiological parameters in M. truncatula genotypes and to determine the eventual use of some traits as tolerance criteria. Genotypes including A17, TN1.11, DZA315.16, A20, TN1.12 and F83005.5 are selected through a sequenced lines collection (http://www1.montpellierinra.fr/BRC-MTR/mauguio/mauguio.php) which are originated from different Mediterranean countries. Genotypes were studied under 6 salinity treatments (0, 30, 60, 90,120 and 150 mM NaCl) in a factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. Analysis of variance show significant differences among genotypes, salinity levels and interaction between genotypes and salt treatments for most of studied traits. DZA315.16 genotype presents the highest main effect values for morphological traits whereas TN1.11 has low values. Vertically projected leaf area (LA); show the highest variability through all studied salt concentrations. The best concentration to find differences between parental lines is 90 to 120 mM Nacl. A segregating population of recombinant inbred lines (100 RILs) of M.truncatula derived from a cross between TN1.11 and Jemalong-A17 was used for the second experiment. RILs were developed by single-seed descent until F6 generation at the INP-ENSAT, France. The experiment was undertaken to determine the genetic variability and to identify QTLs controlling several traits related to plant growth and physiology, in the population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Analyses of variance showed a large genetic variation and transgressive segregation for the traits studied. The difference between the mean of RILs and the mean of their parents was not significant for all of the traits in both conditions, showing that the RILs used in our experiment are representative of the possible recombinant lines from the cross TN1.11 x A17. A total of 21 QTLs were detected under control and 19 QTLs were identified under 100mM salt stress conditions. The percentage of total phenotypic variance explained by the QTLs ranged from 4.60% to 23.01%. Some of the QTLs were specific for one condition, demonstrating that the genetic control of a traits differed under control and salt stress conditions. Some others are non-specific and control a trait in both conditions. Overlapping QTLs for different traits were also observed. The results provide important information for further functional analysis of salt tolerance in M. truncatulaTOULOUSE-INP (315552154) / SudocSudocFranceF

An epidemiological survey of psychiatric disorders in Iran

BACKGROUND: The nation-wide epidemiological survey of psychiatric disorders in term of lifetime prevalence is not adequately known in Iran. The prevalence of lifetime psychiatric disorders was estimated among the population of aged 18 and over on gender, age group, educational level, occupational status, marital status, and residential area. METHODS: The subjects were 25,180 individuals selected through a clustered random sampling method. The psychiatric disorders were diagnosed on the bases of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria. It is the first study in which the structured psychiatric interview administered to a representative sample of the Iranian population age 18 and over by the 250 trained clinical psychologist interviewers. The data was entered through EPI-Info software twice in an attempt to prevent any errors and SPSS-11 statistical software was also used for analyses. The odds ratios and their confidence intervals estimated by using logistic regression. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 10.81%. It was more common among females than males (14.34% vs. 7.34%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders were 8.35% and 4.29% respectively. The prevalence of psychotic disorders was 0.89%; neuro-cognitive disorders, 2.78% and dissociative disorders, 0.77%. Among mood disorders, major depressive disorder (2.98%) and among anxiety disorders, phobic disorder (2.05%) had the higher prevalence. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among divorced and separated 22.31%; residents of urban areas 11.77%; illiterates 13.80%; householders 15.48%; unemployed 12.33% that were more than other groups. CONCLUSION: The mental health pattern in Iran is similar to the western countries, but it seems that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Iran may be lower than these countries. It is estimated that at least about 7 millions of Iranian population suffer from one or more of the psychiatric disorders. It shows the importance of the role of the psychiatric disorders in providing preventive and management programs in Iran

Prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Iran

BACKGROUND: Estimates of the annual prevalence for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) were consistent across the international sites range, 1.9% – 2.5%. The nine population surveys, which used Diagnostic Interview Schedule, estimated a six-month prevalence of OCD ranging from 0.7% to 2.1%. This study performed in order to determine the prevalence of OCD in a population-based study among Iranian adults aged 18 and older and to study the association of them with factors such as sex, marital status, education, type of occupation and residential area. METHODS: A cross-sectional nationwide epidemiological study of the Iranian population aged 18 and older was designed to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and their association with the above mentioned factors. 25180 individuals were selected and interviewed through a randomized systematic and cluster sampling method from all Iranian households. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) criteria were used in diagnosis of OCD. 250 clinical psychologists interviewed the selected subjects face to face at their homes. RESULTS: The prevalence of OCD in Iran is 1.8% (0.7% and 2.8% in males and females; respectively). 50.3% of the survey sample were men, 49.9% women, 29.1% single, 67.45% married, 0.4% separated or divorced, 2.5% widow/widower and 4% undetermined. All of the above-mentioned factors were examined in the univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Although the data did not fit the models well, but in univariate models, sex, the category "single" of marital status, age, the categories "business" and "housewife" and residential areas showed significant effect adjusting for the factors, but the models didn't fit the data properly. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that the prevalence of OCD is not rare in the community of Iran and is within the range of other countries. Similar to prior studies in other communities, OCD is more common in females than males

The national burden of road traffic injuries in Thailand

Background: This study quantifies the burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in Thailand in 2004, incorporating new Thai data on mortality and the frequency and severity of long-term disability

Global, regional, and national burden of respiratory tract cancers and associated risk factors from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Prevention, control, and treatment of respiratory tract cancers are important steps towards achieving target 3.4 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—a one-third reduction in premature mortality due to non-communicable diseases by 2030. We aimed to provide global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and larynx cancer and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 methodology, we evaluated the incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of respiratory tract cancers (ie, tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and larynx cancer). Deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and larynx cancer attributable to each risk factor were estimated on the basis of risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input from 204 countries and territories, stratified by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Trends were estimated from 1990 to 2019, with an emphasis on the 2010–19 period. Findings Globally, there were 2·26 million (95% uncertainty interval 2·07 to 2·45) new cases of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer, and 2·04 million (1·88 to 2·19) deaths and 45·9 million (42·3 to 49·3) DALYs due to tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer in 2019. There were 209 000 (194 000 to 225 000) new cases of larynx cancer, and 123 000 (115 000 to 133 000) deaths and 3·26 million (3·03 to 3·51) DALYs due to larynx cancer globally in 2019. From 2010 to 2019, the number of new tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer cases increased by 23·3% (12·9 to 33·6) globally and the number of larynx cancer cases increased by 24·7% (16·0 to 34·1) globally. Global age-standardised incidence rates of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer decreased by 7·4% (−16·8 to 1·6) and age-standardised incidence rates of larynx cancer decreased by 3·0% (−10·5 to 5·0) in males over the past decade; however, during the same period, age-standardised incidence rates in females increased by 0·9% (−8·2 to 10·2) for tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and decreased by 0·5% (−8·4 to 8·1) for larynx cancer. Furthermore, although age-standardised incidence and death rates declined in both sexes combined from 2010 to 2019 at the global level for tracheal, bronchus, lung and larynx cancers, some locations had rising rates, particularly those on the lower end of the SDI range. Smoking contributed to an estimated 64·2% (61·9–66·4) of all deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and 63·4% (56·3–69·3) of all deaths from larynx cancer in 2019. For males and for both sexes combined, smoking was the leading specific risk factor for age-standardised deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer per 100 000 in all SDI quintiles and GBD regions in 2019. However, among females, household air pollution from solid fuels was the leading specific risk factor in the low SDI quintile and in three GBD regions (central, eastern, and western sub-Saharan Africa) in 2019. Interpretation The numbers of incident cases and deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and larynx cancer increased globally during the past decade. Even more concerning, age-standardised incidence and death rates due to tracheal, bronchus, lung cancer and larynx cancer increased in some populations—namely, in the lower SDI quintiles and among females. Preventive measures such as smoking control interventions, air quality management programmes focused on major air pollution sources, and widespread access to clean energy should be prioritised in these settings.publishedVersio